The selected risk factors of peripheral arterial disease of the lower extremities

The number of risks and events of diverse negative consequences and ranges is increasingly high; therefore, novel effective life-saving methods are required. Peripheral arterial disease, which affects 12%-14% of the population, is one of the diseases that should be managed. Its incidence rises with age and non-modifiable factors as well as elements of lifestyle are likely to increase the probability of its development. The aim of the study was to analyse the selected risk factors in patients diagnosed with peripheral arterial disease of the lower extremities attending vascular outpatient clinics in Cracow and its surroundings. The study group included 29 patients aged 44-78 years, the mean age – 64 ± 8.7 years. The most common diseases accompanying peripheral arterial diseases were arterial hypertension (20 patients – 69%) and diabetes mellitus (9 patients – 31%).
Moreover, tobacco smoking among patients was assessed; 96% of the study population smoked in the past and only one patient (4%) never smoked. Eleven patients were overweight (BMI = 25-29.99 kg/m2), and four had I degree obesity (BMI = 30-34.99 kg/m2). The study findings demonstrated that the risk factors of civilization diseases, including atherosclerosis/peripheral arterial disease, should be consciously eliminated and proper eating habits followed. Considering a high proportion of smokers, patients with arterial hypertension and abnormal body weight found in the study population, wide-range educational and prophylactic programmes aimed at eliminating the risk factors of atherosclerosis are required.